Waste cooking oil as an alternate feedstock for biodiesel. In this work, biodiesel ethyl ester was prepared from waste cooking oil collected from a local restaurant in halifax, nova scotia, canada. However, at wilson college, we brew biodiesel using waste vegetable oil provided by the campus kitchen. F over an electric burner to make the oil easier to pour for filtration. Biodiesel synthesis was performed as transesterification of edible and waste cooking sunflower oil catalysed by free lipase from thermomyces lanuginosus lipolase 100l.
The benefits of recycling cooking oil smart alternative. Oilseed plants are used for the production of biodiesel through the process called transesterification reaction which is a process by which alcohol reacts with vegetable oil in the presence of. Everywhere in the world, there is an enormous amount of waste lipids generated from restaurants, food processing. Its primary advantages deal with biodiesel being one of the most renewable fuels currently available and it is also nontoxic and. To determine ffa of sample and biodiesel, 1ml of oil and biodiesel were weighed in gm, then dispersed in 5ml diethylether solution followed by titration against 0. What makes biodiesel different from using pure vegetable oil is a process known as. Pdf waste cooking oil to biodiesel fuel ahmad j alkofahi. Water impedes the biodiesel reaction resulting in only partial conversion of the oil to biodiesel.
As large amounts of waste cooking oils are illegally dumped into rivers and landfills, causing environmental pollution 20, the use of waste cooking oil to produce biodiesel as. Production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil via km. Alkaline transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel. These includes linseed oil, palm seed oil, waste cooked vegetable oil, sunflower seed oil, cotton seed oil, cooking seed oil and animal fats 7,8,9. Since lipase catalysts are much expensive, the usage of lipase in biodiesel production is. Biodiesel is a clean burning fuel made from various feedstocks, such as waste vegetable oil, virgin vegetable, animal fats, and yellow greasei. The study focus on the physical and chemical properties of waste cooking oil wco, transesterification and production of biodiesel from wco. Nov 25, 2019 biodiesel is a diesel fuel that is made by reacting vegetable oil cooking oil with other common chemicals.
The blending of biodiesel in diesel fuel became mandatory when the biofuels act of 2006 also known as republic act 9367 was signed into law. One reason is that different vegetable oils are used by different facilities. Performance analysis of biodiesel derived from waste. Applications of waste cooking oil other than biodiesel. Transesterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel. Yung3 1department of mechanical engineering, the hong kong polytechnic university, hung hom, kowloon, hong kong 2school of energy and environment, city university of hong kong, kowloon, hong kong 3department of applied biology and chemical. Pdf biodiesel production from waste cooking oil researchgate. Small scale biodiesel production feasibility report. The environmental issues associated with the use of fossilbased energy sources have informed the search for more sustainable energy alternatives. Pdf biodiesel is a product from the transesterification of alcohol and vegetable oils and animal fats. A comparative study of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using sulfuric acid twostep and microwaveassisted transesterification onestep was carried out. Although most renewable diesel is produced from vegetable oil, animal fat, and waste cooking oil, biodiesel is a monoalkyl ester and has different fuel properties than diesel and hence. The effects of methanol waste cooking oils ratio, potassium hydroxide concentration and temperature on the biodiesel conversion were investigated.
Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil intechopen. Small scale biodiesel production table of contents 1. The bad impacts of fossil fuel on the environment and climate change have been increased in the recent years. General waste cooking oil conversion process the main reaction between the triglyceride and the alcohol are catalyzed either with an alkali or an acid 7. Pdf biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in laboratory. Performance analysis of biodiesel derived from waste cooking. Used cooking oil biodiesel gas chromatography nuclear magnetic resonance viscosity abstract used cooking or frying oils are of increasing interest as inexpensive feedstock for biodiesel production. Ethyl alcohol with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst was. Oilseed plants are used for the production of biodiesel through the process called transesterification reaction which is a process by which alcohol reacts with vegetable. Effect of waste cookingoil biodiesel on performance and. A new reactor for enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel from. The properties of the feedstock were determined using standard astm methods.
The production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oils through its pretreatment followed by transesterification process in presence of methanol was investigated using a km micromixer reactor. Waste vegetable oil is one of the sources of biodiesel and of all the other sources, it would be best in tropical countries. Therefore, production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil is the best alternative and further studies need to be done on the characterization of waste cooking oil. To minimize the biofuel cost, in recent days waste cooking oil was used as feedstock. Biodiesel from waste cooking oil linkedin slideshare. Biodiesel is synthesized by direct transesterification. Moreover, the removal of these catalysts after the reaction is complete needs the washing of biodiesel with water which might result in loss of fatty acid alkyl esters, energy.
Alternate fuels should be economically attractive in order to compete with currently used fossil fuels. Waste cooking oil is one of polluting materials which increases with human population. The transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel. Fresh cooking oil has lower polar contents within the range of 0. Use of low cost feedstocks such as waste cooking oil wco should help make biodiesel competitive in price with petroleum diesel. Upon the base catalyzed transesterification reaction of the triglyceride with methanol, the triglyceride is converted to glycerol and the methyl ester of the fatty acid chain. Waste cooking oil is a potential replacement for vegetable oils in the production of biodiesel. Microwaveassisted catalytic transesterification using bao and koh was evaluated for the. Currently, all diesel fuel used for land vehicles must have 20% bio. As a result, clogging occurs to the drainage pipe and sewage lines.
The use of waste cooking oil instead of virgin oil to produce biodiesel is an effective way to reduce the raw material cost because it is estimated to be about half the price of virgin oil. Waste cooking oil to biodiesel automated fuel pump project. Waste cooking oil is one of the alternative sources among other higher grade or refined oil7 waste cooking oil is easy to collect from other industries such as domestic usage and restaurant7 and also cheaper to produce in small quantities than the refined oil. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oils sciencedirect. Biodiesel from householdrestaurant waste cooking oil wco. Gashaw and others published production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and factors affecting its formation. The use of waste cooking oil as biodiesel feedstock reduces the cost of biodiesel production. Improving waste cooking oil quality for biodiesel production. In this study the performance analysis of biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil was evaluated in a computerized 4 stroke single ci engine at 200 bar. Apr 19, 2017 in this study, biodiesel was produced using waste cooking oil that was discarded as a waste in the environment. Synthesis of biodiesel from secondused cooking oil sciencedirect.
Synthesis and characterization of biodiesel from waste. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil 27 physical characteristics good, texture and struct ure, are preferable to the level of fertility, as it can be corrected with mineral fertilization. Effect of waste cooking oil biodiesel on the properties of. Pdf alkaline transesterification of waste cooking oil to. In the present work, 94% of waste cooking oil sample is converted to biodiesel. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using sulfuric.
Instead of recycling it, many restaurants and homes dispose of it via the kitchen drain. Waste cooking oil biodiesel was derived from used cooking oils by transesterification method which used to reduce viscosity of waste cooking oil. Additionally, the use of waste fried cooking oil wfco as a reactant for biodiesel plant helps in disposing this waste and reduction of feedstock production. The current technologies of biodiesel production are based on microemulsion 1, pyrolysis 2. Catalysts used in this process are usually acids, base, and lipase.
Cooking oil is used in substantial quantity for food frying either in home, restaurants or in food industry. You can also make biodiesel from waste cooking oil, but that is a little more involved, so lets start with the basics. The good thing about used cooking oil is that it can be recycled. Hence, if the waste vegetable oil is used as biodiesel feedstock, the economics of biodiesel can be significantly improved. Effect of waste cooking oil biodiesel on the properties of particulate from a di diesel engine x. Optimization of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Waste cooking oil is two to three times cheaper than vegetable oil, thus, it is an ideal raw material for producing biodiesel. Biodiesel glycerin methanol naoh waste oil figure 2. Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from waste. Pour your used oil into a large, clean cooking pot and heat it to 95. Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in western australia abstract biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil wco is considered highly environmental sustainable since wco is a waste product which has been recycled to a transportation fuel in western australia. The transesterification of waste cooking oil to biodiesel not only solves the problem of waste oil treatment but also replaces partially or fully nearly one thousand million tons of diesel used annually by the world. Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using cao. In this work, used frying oils obtained from 16 local restaurants were investigated regarding their fatty acid.
Production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil publish. Their usual high acidity, high moisture, and low stability can impair the reaction yield and generate a low. Implications of imported used cooking oil uco as a. Pdf production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and.
Seeing the process firsthand, and better yet, going through the steps from oil to fuel, enables the student to grasp the fuel making process. An improvement in biodiesel production from waste cooking oil by. The test was carried out at 200 bars for all the blends i. Waste cooking oils wco can be used as feedstock for biodiesel fatty acid ethyl or methyl estersfaee or fame production. However,it maybe expected thatthe properties of biodiesel derived from waste oils or fats can differ widely. In addition, using waste cooking oil could also help to solve the problem of waste oil disposal supple et al. In this study, biodiesel was produced using waste cooking oil that was discarded as a waste in the environment. No modifications are required, and the result is a lessexpensive, renewable, cleanburning fuel. These days, many used cooking oils from restaurants were reused by street sellers to fry their food.
Physical property prediction for waste cooking oil biodiesel. Uk produces over 200,000 tons of waste cooking oil per year 19. Characterization of waste cooking oil for biodiesel production. Conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel 11 biodiesel feedstock competes with the use of land for food production. Quality characteristics of biodiesel produced from used cooking oil. Eu countries have standardized the number of polar content at oil that can be consumed and above this level, the oil must be discarded. In this study biodiesel was made from used cooking oil and methanol using the transesterification method with koh catalyst. Overview of biodiesel production using waste oil the high viscosity vegetable oil must be chemically converted for it to operate properly in a diesel engine biodiesel conversion process does this caution. Cost of biodiesel produced from virgin vegetable oil through transesterification is higher than that of fossil fuel, because of high raw material cost. It is alkali catalyzed reaction which involves waste cooking oil, methanol, and potassium hydroxide.
The dominant biodiesel feedstock for biodiesel consumed in the uk is used cooking oil uco, defined as the purified oils and fats of plant and animal origin that have been used to cook food. Alkalicatalyzed transesterification of waste cooking oils, collected within ho chi minh city, vietnam, with methanol was carried out in a laboratory scale reactor. It is used to dissolve waste cooking oil during determination of extra amount of. Since the bse crisis european uco is classified as a waste that is no longer fit for human or animal. A twostep transesterification process was used to produce biodiesel alkyl ester from high free fatty acid ffa waste cooking oil. A more ecofriendly approach to making biodiesel involves upcycling waste vegetable oil. Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil using caoegg. Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil journal of chemical. Transesterification and production of biodiesel from waste. Biodiesel, mainly consisting of fatty acid methyl esters fames, is generally produced by transesterification between methanol and triacylglycerols tags which are main constituents of vegetable and animal fats. It is prepared from waste vegetable oils and animal fats by transesterification process. Many students have heard of biodiesel without realizing that to produce the fuel from waste vegetable oil is a fairly simple process. In china, waste cooking oil is a potential low cost biodiesel feedstock. Do not use raw vegetable oil in an engine no matter what you read on the internet.
Dont use a gas burner for this or any other stage of the biodiesel creation process. The potential economic, heath, and greenhouse gas benefits. Oil feedstock cost is the major cost of biodiesel production accounting over 70 % of the total costs. Moreover, the price of edible plant and vegetable oils is usually higher than petro diesel. As crude oil price reach a new high, the need for developing alternate fuels has become acute. Waste cooking oil is one of the sources that can contributes to the water pollution. Also waste oils and fats used cooking oils are used as a good feedstock, its costs approaches half of the cost of virgin oil 4.
Hence, due to its abundance and low cost, waste cooking oil is going to be used as the raw material of biodiesel production. These includes linseed oil, palm seed oil, waste cooked vegetable oil, sunflower seed oil, cotton seed oil, cooking seed oil and animal fats 7, 8, 9. The transesterification process was implemented to extract the biodiesel, and this process was optimized and standardized by selecting three different parameters. The palm oil resists low acidity levels, up to ph 4. Production of biodiesel using wco as the feedstock has been of growing interest for the last two decades. Optimized biodiesel production from waste cooking oil wco. Vegetable oil contains triglycerides which are bulky long greasy fatty acid molecules. Biodiesel may be used in any diesel automotive engine in its pure form or blended with petroleumbased diesel. Conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel catalyst is limited only for refined vegetable oil with less than 0.
Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in western australia abstract biodiesel derived from waste cooking oil wco is considered highly environmental sustainable since wco is a waste product which has been recycled to a transportation fuel in. The potential benefits of incorporating used cooking oil into indonesias biodiesel executive summary indonesia has one of the most ambitious biofuel policies in the world. Diesel oil was blended by waste cooking oil biodiesel with ratio of 25% on volume basis and was tested in a single cylinder diesel engine at different engine loads and rated speed. The biodiesel process used at rit was tailored for the residential cooking oil which tends to be high in water content. When it comes to used cooking oil, the same thing happens. It is the catalyst for transesterification and works by cracking the vegetable oil molecules, splitting the triglyceride from the hydrocarbons and shortening the carbon chain isopropyl alcohol. All reactions are carriedout under atmospheric pressure and 1500 rpm of agitation. Its price is approximately half that of virgin oil 11 and the biodiesel fuels made from waste cooking oil have similar.
Use a cooking thermometer to monitor the temperature. Waste cooking oil wco can be processed into biodiesel as an alternative fuel to replace diesel. Biodiesel, transesterification, sunflower oil, waste cooking oil email. Characterization of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil. Pdf waste cooking oil to biodiesel fuel ahmad j al. The parameters affecting biodiesel production process such as alcohol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, the presence of tetrahydrofuran thf as a cosolvent, and the volumetric flow rates of. Moreover, the use of waste cooking oil also reduces the waste treatment costs.
1233 730 1504 1180 1265 1159 1300 1222 583 35 1426 614 490 369 1187 3 524 1523 894 1039 1077 1259 1337 1110 1234 319 927 156 1515 444 138 179 595 71 1096 1204 820 76 1305 709 1456 832 1487 1299